Q: What are the symptoms of GERD? A: Common symptoms of GERD include heartburn, regurgitation, difficulty swallowing, chest pain, and bloating and gas.
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Q: How is GERD diagnosed? A: GERD is typically diagnosed with a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as endoscopy and ambulatory acid probe tests. gerd herold internal medicine download pdf extra quality
GERD is a condition in which the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) fails to function properly, allowing stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus. The LES is a ring-like muscle that separates the esophagus and stomach. In a healthy individual, the LES relaxes to allow food to enter the stomach and then tightens to prevent stomach acid from flowing back into the esophagus. However, in individuals with GERD, the LES is weakened or relaxes abnormally, allowing stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus. Q: What are the symptoms of GERD