The Intelligence Of Corvids Ielts Reading Answers Extra Quality Page

A) random B) manufacture C) semantic D) episodic E) past F) future G) observe

Beyond tool manufacture, corvids possess what psychologists call "episodic memory"—the ability to recall specific past events, including what happened, where, and when. In a landmark study at the University of Cambridge, scrub jays ( Aphelocoma californica ) cached food in two distinct locations. They learned that one type of food perished quickly while the other remained edible. When recovering their caches later, the jays preferentially searched for the durable food first, ignoring the perishable item. This indicates they mentally traveled back in time to encode the what-where-when of their caching. A) random B) manufacture C) semantic D) episodic

| Word/Phrase | Definition | Example from Passage | |-------------|------------|----------------------| | Demolished (v) | Destroyed an idea or belief | "...demolished this prejudice" | | Spontaneously (adv) | Without external cause or training | "Betty spontaneously bent the wire" | | Episodic memory (n) | Memory of specific events with time/place | "Scrub jays demonstrate episodic memory" | | Analogous (adj) | Similar in function but not structure | "The pallium is functionally analogous" | | Convergent evolution (n) | Unrelated species evolve similar traits | "Convergent evolution...different brain structures, similar solutions" | | Cached (v) | Stored or hidden for future use | "Cached food in two distinct locations" | When recovering their caches later, the jays preferentially