Conceived in the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast, Ireland, the Titanic was a floating palace. At 882 feet and 9 inches long (269 meters), she was the largest moving object ever built by man. She boasted a gross tonnage of 46,328 tons and required 3,000 men to build her over two years.
Designer Thomas Andrews, brought along for the maiden voyage, delivered the grim calculation to Captain Smith: "The ship will founder in an hour and a half, possibly two hours." The "unsinkable" ship began to tilt forward. The order was given to uncover the lifeboats. Here lies the most scandalous aspect of the disaster. Titanic carried 20 lifeboats (plus 4 collapsible canvas boats), enough for 1,178 people. That was only one-third of the total aboard. At the time, the Board of Trade regulations allowed that number, as it was believed that a damaged ship would serve as its own lifeboat long enough for rescue.
Every time we hear that haunting Celine Dion song, see the ghostly footage of the bow rusting in the abyss, or read the heartbreaking final messages sent by the Marconi operators, we are reminded that the Titanic is not just a history lesson. It is a mirror.
The RMS Carpathia, which had received the Titanic's distress rockets, arrived at 4:10 AM. Over 700 survivors were rescued. The world awoke to a news nightmare. Initial reports had actually claimed the ship was being towed to Halifax. It took three days for the full truth to surface.
Lookout Frederick Fleet spotted a dark shape directly in the ship's path. He rang the warning bell three times and phoned the bridge: "Iceberg, right ahead."
First Officer William Murdoch ordered "Hard a-starboard" (turning left) and "Full astern" (reversing the engines). It was a classic maneuver, but for an object of the Titanic's mass, it was impossible to execute quickly. For 37 seconds, the ship turned.
The evacuation was tragically inefficient. Many lifeboats were launched half-full. Many first-class passengers refused to get into "tiny" boats dangling 70 feet above the black water. Meanwhile, third-class passengers, located deep in the hull, struggled to navigate the maze of corridors and gates that separated them from the boat deck.